国务院


工业产品质量责任条例(附英文)

1986年4月5日，国务院

第一章 总 则
第一条 为了明确工业产品（以下简称产品）质量责任，维护用户和消费者（以下简称用户）的合法权益，保证有计划的商品经济健康发展，促进社会主义现代化建设，特制定本条例。
第二条 产品质量是指国家的有关法规、质量标准以及合同规定的对产品适用、安全和其它特性的要求。产品质量责任是指因产品质量不符合上述要求，给用户造成损失后应承担的责任。
第三条 国家标准化部门负责制定全国统一的国家标准。国家标准应不低于国际标准水平。国家标准可以分级分等。企业主管部门要规定生产企业达到国家标准最高等级的期限。国家物价部门按标准等级，实行按质论价。
第四条 产品的生产、储运、经销企业必须按照本条例的规定，承担产品质量责任。各部门、各地区，特别是企业主管机关必须对产品质量进行管理，监督有关企业坚持质量第一的方针，保证产品质量，承担质量责任；管理和监督不力的也应承坦连带责任。
第五条 质量监督机构、工商行政管理机关必须对产品质量进行监督，维护用户的利益。
第六条 产品的合格证、说明书、优质标志、认证标志等都必须与产品的实际质量水平相一致。产品广告中关于产品质量的说明，必须符合产品的实际质量。
第七条 所有生产、经销企业必须严格执行下列规定：（1）不合格的产品不准出厂和销售；（2）不合格的原材料、零部件不准投料、组装；（3）国家已明令淘汰的产品不准生产和销售；（4）没有产品质量标准、未经质量检验机构检验的产品不准生产和销售；（5）不准弄虚作假、以次充好、伪造商标、假冒名牌。所有生产、经销企业都不得用搭配手段推销产品。

第二章 产品生产企业的质量责任
第八条 产品的生产企业必须保证产品质量符合国家的有关法规、质量标准以及合同规定的要求。产品的生产企业必须建立严密、协调、有效的质量保证体系，要明确规定产品的质量责任。企业必须保证质量检验机构能独立行使监督、检验的职权；严禁对质量检验人员进行打击报复。
第九条 产品出厂，必须符合下列要求：（一）达到本条例第二条规定的质量要求，有检验机构和检验人员签证的产品检验合格证；（二）根据不同特点，有产品名称、规格、型号、成份、含量、重量、用法、生产批号、出厂日期、生产厂家、厂址、产品技术标准编号等文字说明，限时使用的产品应注明失效时间。优质产品必须有标志；（三）实行生产许可证制度的产品，要有许可证编号、批准日期和有效期限；（四）机器、设备、装置、仪表以及耐用消费品，除符合本条（一）、（二）、（三）项要求外，还应有详细的产品使用说明书。内容包括：产品的技术经济参数、使用寿命、使用范围、保证期限、安装方法、维修方法和保存条件、技术保养检修期以及其它有关产品设计参数的有效数据。电器产品，应附有线路图和原理图；（五）包装必须符合国家有关规定和标准。剧毒、危险、易碎、怕压、需防潮、不装倒置的产品，在内外包装上必须有显著的指示标志和储运注意事项。产品包装上必须注明实际重量（净重和毛重）；（六）使用商标和分级分等的产品，在产品或包装上应有商标和分级分等标记；（七）符合国家安全、卫生、环境保护和计量等法规的要求。
第十条 达不到国家的有关标准规定等级、仍有使用价值的“处理品”，经企业主管机关批准后，方可降价销售，在产品和包装上必须标出显著的“处理品”字样。违反国家安全、卫生、环境保护、计量等法规要求的产品，必须及时销毁或作必要的技术处理，不得以“处理品”流入市场。不得用“处理品”生产和组装用以销售的产品。
第十一条 在产品保证期限内发现质量不符合第二条要求时，根据不同情况，由产品生产企业对用户和经销企业承坦质量责任：（一）产品的一般零部件、元器件失效，更换后即能恢复使用要求的，应负责按期修复；（二）产品的主要零部件、元器件失效，不能按期修复的，应负责更换合格品；（三）产品因设计、制造等原因造成主要功能不符合第二条要求，用户要求退货的，应负责退还货款；（四）造成经济损失的，还应负责赔偿实际经济损失；（五）由维修服务或经销企业负责产品售后技术服务时，生产企业必须按售后技术服务合同，提供足够的备品、备件和必要的技术支援。

第三章 产品储运企业的质量责任
第十二条 承储、承运、装卸企业必须根据国家有关规定和产品包装上标明的储运要求进行储存、运输和装卸。
第十三条 承储、承运企业在产品入库储存或出库、产品承运或交货时，应按照国家有关规定，严格执行交接验收制度，明确质量责任。确属储存、运输、装卸原因造成产品损伤，承储、承运、装卸企业应分别承担责任，按国家有关规定，赔偿经济损失。

第四章 产品经销企业的质量责任
第十四条 经销企业在进货时，应对产品进行验收，明确产品的质量责任。经销企业出售的产品，必须符合本条例第七条、第九条的规定。
第十五条 经销企业售出的产品在保证期限内发现质量不符合第二条的要求时，应由经销企业负责对用户实行包修、包换、包退、承担赔偿实际经济损失的责任。

第五章 产品质量的监督管理
第十六条 各质量监督机构，按照国家有关规定，单独组织或者会同工商行政管理部门、各行业主管部门、企业主管部门，对产品的生产、储运和经销等各个环节实行经常性的监督抽查，并定期公布抽查产品的质量状况。企业必须如实提供抽查样品，并在检测手段和工作条件方面提供方便。除国家已有规定外，质量监督机构抽查产品，不准向企业收费，以保证监督机构的公正性。质量监督机构所需的技术措施费用和检测费用，按实际需要由国家或地方财政拨款解决。各级经济委员会负责对产品质量监督管理工作进行领导和组织协调。
第十七条 各级行业主管部门和企业主管部门负责本行业产品质量的管理工作，其职责是：在授权范围内，制定或参与制定有关产品质量标准以及有关规章制度，负责产品质量的监督管理，督促企业保证产品质量，完善质量保证系统；组织发放生产许可证。
第十八条 对产品质量实行社会性监督。用户可以向产品生产、储运、经销企业提出质量查询；社团组织可以协助用户参与质量争议的调解、仲裁，支持用户向人民法院起诉。
第十九条 用户按双方协议可以派出代表到生产企业对产品生产过程和产品质量进行现场监督。

第六章 产品质量责任争议的处理
第二十条 因产品质量问题发生争议时，有经济合同的，按《经济合同法》的有关规定执行；没有合同的，争议的任何一方都可提请有关的质量监督机构调解处理，也可向人民法院起诉。
第二十一条 对产品质量的技术检验数据有争议时，当事人或调解、仲裁机构可委托法定的质量检验单位进行仲裁检验，质量检验单位应对提供的仲裁检验数据负责。
第二十二条 除国家另有规定外，质量责任的仲裁请求和起诉，应从当事人知悉或应当知悉权益受损害之日起一年内提出。产品质量责任方愿意承担责任时，不受时效限制。

第七章 罚 则
第二十三条 企业产品质量达不到国家规定的标准，企业主管机关应令其限期整顿。经整顿仍无效者，企业主管机关应令其停产或转产，直至建议有关主管机关撤销生产许可证，吊销营业执照。在整顿期间，企业主管机关视不同情况，可扣发企业负责人和职工的奖金、工资。
第二十四条 生产、经销企业违反本条例规定，有下列行为之一者，由企业主管机关对企业负责人和直接责任者给以行政处分，由工商行政管理机关没收其全部非法收入，并视其情节轻重，处以相当于非法收入的15％至20％的罚款，直至由司法机关追究法律责任。（一）生产、经销掺假产品、冒牌产品，以“处理品”冒充合格品；（二）生产、经销隐匿厂名、厂址的产品；（三）生产、经销没有产品检验合格证的产品；（四）生产、经销国家已明令淘汰的产品；（五）生产、经销国家实行生产许可证制度而到期未取得生产许可证的产品；（六）生产、经销用不合格原材料、零部件生产或组装的产品；（七）生产、经销违反国家安全、卫生、环境保护和计量等法规要求的产品；（八）经销过期失效产品。罚没收入全部上交国家财政。
第二十五条 有质量监督抽查中发现生产和经销企业有第二十四条中列举的行为时，由质量监督机构按第二十四条规定处理。对于不符合本条例第九条第七项规定的，由质量监督机构监督就地销毁或作必要的技术处理，并令生产、经销企业在限期内追回已售出的不合格产品。违反本条例第八条的规定，对质量检验人员进行打击报复的，或质量监督、检验机构工作人员徇私舞弊的，由有关主管机关给予行政处分；情节特别严重的，依法追究刑事责任。
第二十六条 由于产品的质量责任，造成用户人身伤亡，财产损失，触犯刑律的，由司法机关依法追究当事人的刑事责任。
第二十七条 上述处罚，不免除产品质量责任方对用户承担的产品包修、包换、包退、赔偿实际经济损失的责任。

第八章 附 则
第二十八条 有关主管部门可根据本条例的规定，制定实施细则；进出口商品、军用产品及有特殊要求的产品的质量责任可由有关主管部门参照本条例的原则，另行规定。
第二十九条 本条例适用于所有全民、集体所有制企业，个体工商业经营者以及在中国境内的中外合资、合作、外资企业。
第三十条 本条例授权国家经济委员会负责解释。
第三十一条 本条例自一九八六年七月一日起施行。(附英文)

REGULATIONS ON QUALITY RESPONSIBILITY FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
REGULATIONS ON QUALITY RESPONSIBILITY FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
(Promulgated by the State Council on April 5, 1986)

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
The present Regulations are enacted in order to define the quality
responsibility for industrial products ("products" for short hereinafter),
safeguard the legitimate rights of the customer and consumer ("customer"
for short hereinafter), ensure the healthy development of commodity
economy in a planned way, and promote socialist modernization.
Article 2
"Quality of product" refers to the requirement for the applications,
safety and other properties of the products stipulated in related laws and
regulations, quality standards and contracts.
"Quality responsibility for products" refers to the responsibility that
shall be born due to the product's failure to satisfy the above-mentioned
requirements, which leads to loss on the part of the customer.
Article 3
The national standardization department is responsible for drawing up the
unified national standards. The national standards shall not be lower than
the international standards. National standards may be classified and
graded. The competent authorities responsible for the enterprise shall fix
a time limit for achieving the highest grade of the national standards.
The price department of the Central Government shall fix the prices
according to the grades of standards and implement the principle of "price
according to quality".
Article 4
Those enterprises engaging in the production, storing, transporting and
marketing of the product must, in accordance with the stipulations of the
present Regulations, undertake the quality responsibility for the
products.
The various departments, various localities, especially the competent
authorities for the manufacturer must exercise strict control over the
quality of the products, supervise and see that the manufacturer concerned
abides by the principle of "quality first", with a view to guaranteeing
the quality of product and undertaking quality responsibility. Those
failing to exercise effective control and supervision shall also undertake
liability arising therefrom.
Article 5
Quality-supervision agencies and the industry and commerce administration
departments must keep supervision over the quality of product and protect
the interest of the customer.
Article 6
The quality certificate, manuals, "high-quality" sign and identity sign of
a product must all be in conformity with the actual quality level of the
product. The explanation in the advertisement of the product must conform
to the actual quality of the product.
Article 7
All the manufacturers and the marketing firms must observe strictly the
following rules:
(1) unqualified product is forbidden from being dispatched from the
factory or marketed;
(2) unqualified raw materials and parts and components are not allowed to
be put into production or be used for assembly;
(3) it is forbidden to manufacture the products whose elimination the
State has explicitly ordered;
(4) product without the product-quality standard or without being tested
by the state quality-testing organ is not allowed to be manufactured and
marketed;
(5) it is forbidden to plot frauds, to pass of unqualified product as
qualified, to forge trademarks, or to imitate the famous brand products.
All the manufacturers and marketing firms are not allowed to sell their
products by way of coupling-sale.

Chapter II Quality Responsibility of the Product Manufacturer
Article 8
The manufacturer of the product must make sure that the quality of the
product conforms to the requirements laid down by relevant laws and
regulations, quality standards and stipulations of the contract.
The manufacturer of the product must set up a strict, well-coordinated and
effective quality-guarantee system, with a view to fixing the quality
responsibility for the product in an explicit manner.
The manufacturer must see to it that the quality-inspecting organ can
independently perform its functions of supervision and testing. It is
strictly forbidden to retaliate against the quality inspectors.
Article 9
The product shall not leave the factory unless it satisfies the following
requirements:
(1) achieving the quality requirements stipulated in Article 2 of the
present Regulations, and obtaining the quality certificate of the product
issued by testing organ and testing personnel;
(2) having the written explanation of, according to specific
characteristics, the product's name, size, model, ingredients, the
percentage of the ingredients, weight, direction for applications, lot No.
of production, date of production, name of manufacturer, address of the
manufacturer, and the serial number of the technical specifications of the
said product; explicitly specifying the date of expiry in case of a
product with time limit of efficacy. "High-quality" product must bear the
mark thereof;
(3) having the serial number, date of approval and the term of validity of
the production licence in case of a product manufactured under the
production licence system;
(4) machinery, equipment, devices, apparatus and durable consumer goods,
apart from satisfying the requirements in Items (1), (2) and (3) of this
Article, shall be accompanied with detailed instructions on the use of the
product. The content thereof includes: the product's technical-economic
parameters, service life, range of application, term of guarantee, methods
for installation, methods of maintenance and conditions for storing, term
of technical maintenance and repair, and other effective data concerning
the design parameters of the product. Electric products shall be attached
with the circuit diagram and schematic diagram;
(5) the package must conform to the related state regulations and
standards. As regards the products that are drastically poisonous,
dangerous, fragile, can not be laid on by heavy load, needing protection
against moisture, can not be turned upside down, there must be, on both
the external and interior packing, obvious indication marks and notices
for storing and transportation. On the package of the product, there must
be noted explicitly the actual weights (net and gross);
(6) on the product or the package thereof on which the trademark and
quality classification and grading system is applied, there shall be signs
for the said trademark, classification and grading;
(7) conforming to the requirements of the state laws and regulations
concerning safety, hygiene, protection of environment and measuring.
Article 10
The "substandard" goods that fail to achieve the requirements of the
related state standards, but still have some use value, cannot be marketed
at reduced price until having obtained the approval from the competent
authorities of the manufacturer; and on the package there must be clearly
marked with the words of "substandard goods". Products that fail to meet
the requirements of the state laws and regulations concerning safety,
hygiene and environmental protection and measuring must be destroyed or
undergo necessary technical treatment in good time. They are not allowed
to enter the market in the name of "substandard goods".
"Substandard goods" are not allowed to be used to manufacture or assemble
market-oriented products.
Article 11
Within the guarantee period of the product, in case of the quality found
out of line with the requirements stipulated in Article 2, the
manufacturer shall, according to the following different circumstances,
undertake the quality liability to the customer and marketing firm:
(1) the common part or component loses efficacy and therefore, after being
replaced, the performance can immediately be restored; in this case, the
manufacturer shall be responsible for replacing with qualified parts or
components and for restoring the normal performance;
(2) in case that the main part or competent of the product has lost the
efficacy and cannot be repaired within the set period, the manufacturer
shall be responsible for replacing with qualified products;
(3) in case the major function fails to satisfy the requirements of
Article 2 due to such causes as designing and manufacture, if the customer
requires to return the goods, the manufacturer shall refund;
(4) in case of economic loss caused by the quality faults, the
manufacturer shall also compensate for the actual loss;
(5) if maintenance and repair service or marketing firm responsible for
the aftersale technical service, so required and manufacturer must,
according to the contract of aftersale service, supply sufficient standby
products, spare parts and necessary technical support.

Chapter III Quality Responsibility of Enterprises for Storing or Transporting the Product
Article 12
The enterprises which undertake to store, transport, load or unload the
products must conduct the work of the storing, transportation, loading and
unloading in compliance with the relevant state stipulations and the
storing-transporting requirements indicated on the package of the product.
Article 13
In the course of the product entering the warehouse for storing or leaving
the warehouse, undertaking to transport the product or handing over the
product, the enterprise that stores or transports the product shall
observe the pertinent state stipulations and the storing-trans-system of
handing-over and checking before acceptance, so as to define the quality
responsibility. In case it has been testified that the damage of the
product is due to the cause of storage, transport or loading and
unloading, the enterprises which store, transport or load and unload the
product shall bear their respective liabilities and, according to related
government regulations, compensate for the economic loss.

Chapter IV Quality Responsibility of the Marketing Firm of the Product
Article 14
When laying in a stock of merchandise, the marketing firm shall, before
acceptance, test the product, so that the quality responsibility can be
clearly defined. The products sold by the marketing firm must conform to
the requirements stipulated in Articles 7 and 9 of the present
Regulations.
Article 15
In case the product sold by the marketing firm is found not up to the
conditions stipulated in Article 2 within the period of guarantee, the
marketing firm shall be responsible for guaranteed repairing, replacement,
taking back the product and refunding, and undertaking the responsibility
of compensating for the actual economic loss.

Chapter V Supervision and Control over the Quality of Product
Article 16
The various quality-supervising agencies shall, in accordance with the
relevant regulations of the state, organize independently, or together
with the industry and commerce administrative authorities, the responsible
departments of the various trades, and the responsible departments of the
various manufacturers, regular supervisional sample-checking on the
various links such as manufacture, storing, transportation, and marketing,
and regularly publicize the result of the testing of the samples.
Enterprises must honestly furnish the samples for checking and provide
facilities with respect to the testing means and working conditions.
Unless otherwise stated in state regulations, it is not allowed for the
quality-supervising agencies to collect fees from the enterprises for
sample-checking on the product, so as to guarantee the impartiality of the
supervising agencies. The expenses needed for the technical means and
measures and for the test by the quality-supervising agencies shall be
covered by the state or local financial allocations according to the
actual needs.
The economic commission at various levels are responsible for leadership,
organization and coordination of the supervision and control over product
quality.
Article 17
Responsible departments of the trades and responsible departments for the
enterprises at various levels are responsible for the control over the
quality of products in the respective trades within their authorization,
which covers: formulating or taking part in the formulation of the quality
standards for the products in their respective areas of responsibility and
the pertinent rules and regulations, being responsible for supervision and
control over the quality of products, urging the enterprises to ensure the
quality of product, perfecting the quality guaranteeing system, and
organizing the issuance of production licences.
Article 18
Exercise social supervision over the quality of product. The customer can
make inquiries about the quality of the product at the manufacturer, the
enterprises for storing and transporting, and the marketing firms; and the
social associations and organizations can help the customers participate
in the mediation, arbitration over quality disputes, and support the
customers to file lawsuits with the people's court.
Article 19
The customer can, according to the mutual agreement between the customer
and manufacturer, send his representative to the manufacturer to conduct
on-the-spot-supervision over the process of the production and the quality
of the product.

Chapter VI Settlement of Disputes over Quality Responsibility for the Product
Article 20
Any dispute arising from the quality of product shall, provided there is
an economic contract, observe the relevant stipulations in the Economic
Contract Law. In the absence of such contracts, either party to the
dispute can refer the dispute to a relevant quality-supervising agency for
mediation or settlement, or take the case to the people's court.
Article 21
In case of any dispute over the data of technical testing of the quality
of product, the party concerned or the mediating or arbitrating agencies
can entrust legally designated quality-testing unit for arbitral testing;
and the said quality testing unit shall be responsible for the data of the
arbitral testing.
Article 22
Unless otherwise stipulated by the government, the request for arbitration
or prosecution over quality responsibility shall be raised within one year
from the date the party concerned is aware of or should be aware of his
interest and rights being damaged. Where the party bearing the quality
responsibility for the product is willing to bear the responsibility, it
is not limited by the term of validity.

Chapter VII Penalties
Article 23
Where the product of an enterprise fails to reach the state-stipulated
standards, the competent authoritative department of the said enterprise
shall order the enterprise to rectify production within a fixed period.
Where the said rectification within the fixed period turns out to be of no
effect, the competent authoritative department of the said enterprise
shall order it to stop production or switch over to a new line of
products, or even suggest that the relevant authorities revoke the
production licence and the business licence. In the period of
rectification, the competent authoritative department responsible for the
said enterprise may, according to different circumstances, deduct the
bonus and wages of the executive members of the enterprise and of the
staff and workers.
Article 24
Where the manufacturer or marketing firm has committed one of the
following acts in violation of the stipulations of the present
Regulations, the authoritative department responsible for the enterprise
or firm shall mete out disciplinary punishment to the responsible persons
of the enterprise and to the persons bearing direct responsibility; and
the industry and commerce administrative organ shall confiscate all the
illegal income, and impose on it a fine equivalent to 15% to 20% of the
illegal income according to the degree of seriousness of the case; or even
the legal liabilities shall be fixed by the judicial organs through due
investigation.
1. manufacture or market adulterated product or imitated product, or pass
off "substandard" product as qualified;
2. manufacture or market products without indicating the name and address
of the manufacturer;
3. manufacture or market products without quality certificate;
4. manufacture or market products of which the State has issued explicit
order for their elimination;
5. manufacture or market the products on which the State adopts the system
of production licence, but fails to renew the said production licence
after its expiry;
6. manufacture or market products manufactured or assembled with
unqualified raw materials, parts or components;
7. manufacture or market products in violation of the requirements
stipulated by state laws and regulations concerning safety, hygiene,
environmental protection and measuring;
8. market products which have passed the expiry date.
The incomes collected from fines shall be handed to the state treasury.
Article 25
In the course of sample-check on quality supervision, in case it is found
that the manufacturer or marketing firm has committed the act(s) listed in
Article 24, the quality-supervising agency shall treat the case according
to the stipulation in Article 24. As regards the product not in conformity
to the provision of Item (7) of Article 9 of the present Regulations, the
product shall be destroyed on the spot by the quality-supervising agency
or be given the necessary technical treatment; and the manufacturer and
the marketing firm shall be ordered to recover within the given time all
the substandard products that have already been sold.
In case of violation of the stipulations in Article 8 of the present
Regulations, or retaliation against quality-testing personnel, or the
working personnel in quality-supervising and quality-testing agencies act
wrongly out of personal consideration, the responsible authoritative
department shall mete out disciplinary punishment. As regards those of
extraordinary seriousness, criminal liabilities shall be investigated and
fixed according to law.
Article 26
Where the poor quality of the product has resulted in the injury or death
of the customer, and in his loss of property, hence violating the criminal
code, the judicial organs shall investigate and fix the legal liability of
the party concerned.
Article 27
The above-mentioned penalty does not acquit the party bearing the quality
responsibility of its responsibility for the guaranteed repair,
replacement, recovering the product with the money already paid, and the
compensation for the actual economic loss to the customer(s).

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Article 28
The relevant responsible authorities may, in line with the provisions of
the present Regulations, work out the implementing details. The quality
responsibility regulations for import & export products, for goods with
military application as well as goods for special requirements, the
relevant authorities may, with reference to the principles of the present
Regulations, enact separate specific regulations.
Article 29
The present Regulations apply to all enterprises with ownership by the
whole people, enterprises with ownership by the collective, individual
industrial and commercial operators as well as the Chinese-foreign equity
joint ventures, contractual joint ventures, and foreign-capital
enterprises.
Article 30
The State Economic Commission is authorized to interpret the present
Regulations.
Article 31
The present Regulations shall go into force on July 1st, 1986.


最高人民法院 最高人民检察院 公安部等


最高人民法院最高人民检察院公安部司法部关于依法惩治拐卖妇女儿童犯罪的意见

法发〔2010〕7号


最高人民法院最高人民检察院公安部司法部

印发《关于依法惩治拐卖妇女儿童犯罪的意见》的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院、人民检察院、公安厅（局）、司法厅（局），解放军军事法院、军事检察院，新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院生产建设兵团分院，新疆生产建设兵团人民检察院、公安局、司法局：

为加大对妇女、儿童合法权益的司法保护，依法惩治拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪，现将最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、司法部《关于依法惩治拐卖妇女儿童犯罪的意见》印发给你们，请认真贯彻执行。

最高人民法院 最高人民检察院 公安部 司法部

二○一○年三月十五日

为加大对妇女、儿童合法权益的司法保护力度，贯彻落实《中国反对拐卖妇女儿童行动计划（2008-2012）》，根据刑法、刑事诉讼法等相关法律及司法解释的规定，最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、司法部就依法惩治拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪提出如下意见：

一、总体要求

1.依法加大打击力度，确保社会和谐稳定。自1991年全国范围内开展打击拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪专项行动以来，侦破并依法处理了一大批拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪案件，犯罪分子受到依法严惩。2008年，全国法院共审结拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪案件1353件，比2007年上升9.91%；判决发生法律效力的犯罪分子2161人，同比增长11.05%，其中，被判处五年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑至死刑的1319人，同比增长10.1%，重刑率为61.04%，高出同期全部刑事案件重刑率45.27个百分点。2009年，全国法院共审结拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪案件1636件，比2008年上升20.9%；判决发生法律效力的犯罪分子2413人，同比增长11.7%，其中被判处五年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑至死刑的1475人，同比增长11.83%。

但是，必须清醒地认识到，由于种种原因，近年来，拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪在部分地区有所上升的势头仍未得到有效遏制。此类犯罪严重侵犯被拐卖妇女、儿童的人身权利，致使许多家庭骨肉分离，甚至家破人亡，严重危害社会和谐稳定。人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关、司法行政机关应当从维护人民群众切身利益、确保社会和谐稳定的大局出发，进一步依法加大打击力度，坚决有效遏制拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪的上升势头。

2.注重协作配合，形成有效合力。人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关应当各司其职，各负其责，相互支持，相互配合，共同提高案件办理的质量与效率，保证办案的法律效果与社会效果的统一；司法行政机关应当切实做好有关案件的法律援助工作，维护当事人的合法权益。各地司法机关要统一思想认识，进一步加强涉案地域协调和部门配合，努力形成依法严惩拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪的整体合力。

3.正确贯彻政策，保证办案效果。拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪往往涉及多人、多个环节，要根据宽严相济刑事政策和罪责刑相适应的刑法基本原则，综合考虑犯罪分子在共同犯罪中的地位、作用及人身危险性的大小，依法准确量刑。对于犯罪集团的首要分子、组织策划者、多次参与者、拐卖多人者或者具有累犯等从严、从重处罚情节的，必须重点打击，坚决依法严惩。对于罪行严重，依法应当判处重刑乃至死刑的，坚决依法判处。要注重铲除“买方市场”，从源头上遏制拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪。对于收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童，依法应当追究刑事责任的，坚决依法追究。同时，对于具有从宽处罚情节的，要在综合考虑犯罪事实、性质、情节和危害程度的基础上，依法从宽，体现政策，以分化瓦解犯罪，鼓励犯罪人悔过自新。

二、管辖

4.拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪案件依法由犯罪地的司法机关管辖。拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪的犯罪地包括拐出地、中转地、拐入地以及拐卖活动的途经地。如果由犯罪嫌疑人、被告人居住地的司法机关管辖更为适宜的，可以由犯罪嫌疑人、被告人居住地的司法机关管辖。

5.几个地区的司法机关都有权管辖的，一般由最先受理的司法机关管辖。犯罪嫌疑人、被告人或者被拐卖的妇女、儿童人数较多，涉及多个犯罪地的，可以移送主要犯罪地或者主要犯罪嫌疑人、被告人居住地的司法机关管辖。

6.相对固定的多名犯罪嫌疑人、被告人分别在拐出地、中转地、拐入地实施某一环节的犯罪行为，犯罪所跨地域较广，全案集中管辖有困难的，可以由拐出地、中转地、拐入地的司法机关对不同犯罪分子分别实施的拐出、中转和拐入犯罪行为分别管辖。

7.对管辖权发生争议的，争议各方应当本着有利于迅速查清犯罪事实，及时解救被拐卖的妇女、儿童，以及便于起诉、审判的原则，在法定期间内尽快协商解决；协商不成的，报请共同的上级机关确定管辖。

正在侦查中的案件发生管辖权争议的，在上级机关作出管辖决定前，受案机关不得停止侦查工作。

三、立案

8.具有下列情形之一，经审查，符合管辖规定的，公安机关应当立即以刑事案件立案，迅速开展侦查工作：

（1）接到拐卖妇女、儿童的报案、控告、举报的；

（2）接到儿童失踪或者已满十四周岁不满十八周岁的妇女失踪报案的；

（3）接到已满十八周岁的妇女失踪，可能被拐卖的报案的；

（4）发现流浪、乞讨的儿童可能系被拐卖的；

（5）发现有收买被拐卖妇女、儿童行为，依法应当追究刑事责任的；

（6）表明可能有拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪事实发生的其他情形的。

9.公安机关在工作中发现犯罪嫌疑人或者被拐卖的妇女、儿童，不论案件是否属于自己管辖，都应当首先采取紧急措施。经审查，属于自己管辖的，依法立案侦查；不属于自己管辖的，及时移送有管辖权的公安机关处理。

10.人民检察院要加强对拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪案件的立案监督，确保有案必立、有案必查。

四、证据

11.公安机关应当依照法定程序，全面收集能够证实犯罪嫌疑人有罪或者无罪、犯罪情节轻重的各种证据。

要特别重视收集、固定买卖妇女、儿童犯罪行为交易环节中钱款的存取证明、犯罪嫌疑人的通话清单、乘坐交通工具往来有关地方的票证、被拐卖儿童的DNA鉴定结论、有关监控录像、电子信息等客观性证据。

取证工作应当及时，防止时过境迁，难以弥补。

12.公安机关应当高度重视并进一步加强DNA数据库的建设和完善。对失踪儿童的父母，或者疑似被拐卖的儿童，应当及时采集血样进行检验，通过全国DNA数据库，为查获犯罪，帮助被拐卖的儿童及时回归家庭提供科学依据。

13.拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪所涉地区的办案单位应当加强协作配合。需要到异地调查取证的，相关司法机关应当密切配合；需要进一步补充查证的，应当积极支持。

五、定性

14.犯罪嫌疑人、被告人参与拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪活动的多个环节，只有部分环节的犯罪事实查证清楚、证据确实、充分的，可以对该环节的犯罪事实依法予以认定。

15.以出卖为目的强抢儿童，或者捡拾儿童后予以出卖，符合刑法第二百四十条第二款规定的，应当以拐卖儿童罪论处。

以抚养为目的偷盗婴幼儿或者拐骗儿童，之后予以出卖的，以拐卖儿童罪论处。

16.以非法获利为目的，出卖亲生子女的，应当以拐卖妇女、儿童罪论处。

17.要严格区分借送养之名出卖亲生子女与民间送养行为的界限。区分的关键在于行为人是否具有非法获利的目的。应当通过审查将子女“送”人的背景和原因、有无收取钱财及收取钱财的多少、对方是否具有抚养目的及有无抚养能力等事实，综合判断行为人是否具有非法获利的目的。

具有下列情形之一的，可以认定属于出卖亲生子女，应当以拐卖妇女、儿童罪论处：

（1）将生育作为非法获利手段，生育后即出卖子女的；

（2）明知对方不具有抚养目的，或者根本不考虑对方是否具有抚养目的，为收取钱财将子女“送”给他人的；

（3）为收取明显不属于“营养费”、“感谢费”的巨额钱财将子女“送”给他人的；

（4）其他足以反映行为人具有非法获利目的的“送养”行为的。

不是出于非法获利目的，而是迫于生活困难，或者受重男轻女思想影响，私自将没有独立生活能力的子女送给他人抚养，包括收取少量“营养费”、“感谢费”的，属于民间送养行为，不能以拐卖妇女、儿童罪论处。对私自送养导致子女身心健康受到严重损害，或者具有其他恶劣情节，符合遗弃罪特征的，可以遗弃罪论处;情节显著轻微危害不大的，可由公安机关依法予以行政处罚。

18.将妇女拐卖给有关场所，致使被拐卖的妇女被迫卖淫或者从事其他色情服务的，以拐卖妇女罪论处。

有关场所的经营管理人员事前与拐卖妇女的犯罪人通谋的，对该经营管理人员以拐卖妇女罪的共犯论处；同时构成拐卖妇女罪和组织卖淫罪的，择一重罪论处。

19.医疗机构、社会福利机构等单位的工作人员以非法获利为目的，将所诊疗、护理、抚养的儿童贩卖给他人的，以拐卖儿童罪论处。

20.明知是被拐卖的妇女、儿童而收买，具有下列情形之一的，以收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童罪论处；同时构成其他犯罪的，依照数罪并罚的规定处罚：

（1）收买被拐卖的妇女后，违背被收买妇女的意愿，阻碍其返回原居住地的；

（2）阻碍对被收买妇女、儿童进行解救的；

（3）非法剥夺、限制被收买妇女、儿童的人身自由，情节严重，或者对被收买妇女、儿童有强奸、伤害、侮辱、虐待等行为的；

（4）所收买的妇女、儿童被解救后又再次收买，或者收买多名被拐卖的妇女、儿童的；

（5）组织、诱骗、强迫被收买的妇女、儿童从事乞讨、苦役，或者盗窃、传销、卖淫等违法犯罪活动的；

（6）造成被收买妇女、儿童或者其亲属重伤、死亡以及其他严重后果的；

（7）具有其他严重情节的。

被追诉前主动向公安机关报案或者向有关单位反映，愿意让被收买妇女返回原居住地，或者将被收买儿童送回其家庭，或者将被收买妇女、儿童交给公安、民政、妇联等机关、组织，没有其他严重情节的，可以不追究刑事责任。

六、共同犯罪

21.明知他人拐卖妇女、儿童，仍然向其提供被拐卖妇女、儿童的健康证明、出生证明或者其他帮助的，以拐卖妇女、儿童罪的共犯论处。

明知他人收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童，仍然向其提供被收买妇女、儿童的户籍证明、出生证明或者其他帮助的，以收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童罪的共犯论处，但是，收买人未被追究刑事责任的除外。

认定是否“明知”，应当根据证人证言、犯罪嫌疑人、被告人及其同案人供述和辩解，结合提供帮助的人次，以及是否明显违反相关规章制度、工作流程等，予以综合判断。

22.明知他人系拐卖儿童的“人贩子”，仍然利用从事诊疗、福利救助等工作的便利或者了解被拐卖方情况的条件，居间介绍的，以拐卖儿童罪的共犯论处。

23.对于拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪的共犯，应当根据各被告人在共同犯罪中的分工、地位、作用，参与拐卖的人数、次数，以及分赃数额等，准确区分主从犯。

对于组织、领导、指挥拐卖妇女、儿童的某一个或者某几个犯罪环节，或者积极参与实施拐骗、绑架、收买、贩卖、接送、中转妇女、儿童等犯罪行为，起主要作用的，应当认定为主犯。

对于仅提供被拐卖妇女、儿童信息或者相关证明文件，或者进行居间介绍，起辅助或者次要作用，没有获利或者获利较少的，一般可认定为从犯。

对于各被告人在共同犯罪中的地位、作用区别不明显的，可以不区分主从犯。

七、一罪与数罪

24.拐卖妇女、儿童，又奸淫被拐卖的妇女、儿童，或者诱骗、强迫被拐卖的妇女、儿童卖淫的，以拐卖妇女、儿童罪处罚。

25.拐卖妇女、儿童，又对被拐卖的妇女、儿童实施故意杀害、伤害、猥亵、侮辱等行为，构成其他犯罪的，依照数罪并罚的规定处罚。

26.拐卖妇女、儿童或者收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童，又组织、教唆被拐卖、收买的妇女、儿童进行犯罪的，以拐卖妇女、儿童罪或者收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童罪与其所组织、教唆的罪数罪并罚。

27.拐卖妇女、儿童或者收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童，又组织、教唆被拐卖、收买的未成年妇女、儿童进行盗窃、诈骗、抢夺、敲诈勒索等违反治安管理活动的，以拐卖妇女、儿童罪或者收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童罪与组织未成年人进行违反治安管理活动罪数罪并罚。

八、刑罚适用

28.对于拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪集团的首要分子，情节严重的主犯，累犯，偷盗婴幼儿、强抢儿童情节严重，将妇女、儿童卖往境外情节严重，拐卖妇女、儿童多人多次、造成伤亡后果，或者具有其他严重情节的，依法从重处罚；情节特别严重的，依法判处死刑。

拐卖妇女、儿童，并对被拐卖的妇女、儿童实施故意杀害、伤害、猥亵、侮辱等行为，数罪并罚决定执行的刑罚应当依法体现从严。

29.对于拐卖妇女、儿童的犯罪分子，应当注重依法适用财产刑，并切实加大执行力度，以强化刑罚的特殊预防与一般预防效果。

30.犯收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童罪，对被收买妇女、儿童实施违法犯罪活动或者将其作为牟利工具的，处罚时应当依法体现从严。

收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童，对被收买妇女、儿童没有实施摧残、虐待行为或者与其已形成稳定的婚姻家庭关系，但仍应依法追究刑事责任的，一般应当从轻处罚；符合缓刑条件的，可以依法适用缓刑。

收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童，犯罪情节轻微的，可以依法免予刑事处罚。

31.多名家庭成员或者亲友共同参与出卖亲生子女，或者“买人为妻”、“买人为子”构成收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童罪的，一般应当在综合考察犯意提起、各行为人在犯罪中所起作用等情节的基础上，依法追究其中罪责较重者的刑事责任。对于其他情节显著轻微危害不大，不认为是犯罪的，依法不追究刑事责任；必要时可以由公安机关予以行政处罚。

32.具有从犯、自首、立功等法定从宽处罚情节的，依法从轻、减轻或者免除处罚。

对被拐卖的妇女、儿童没有实施摧残、虐待等违法犯罪行为，或者能够协助解救被拐卖的妇女、儿童，或者具有其他酌定从宽处罚情节的，可以依法酌情从轻处罚。

33.同时具有从严和从宽处罚情节的，要在综合考察拐卖妇女、儿童的手段、拐卖妇女、儿童或者收买被拐卖妇女、儿童的人次、危害后果以及被告人主观恶性、人身危险性等因素的基础上，结合当地此类犯罪发案情况和社会治安状况，决定对被告人总体从严或者从宽处罚。

九、涉外犯罪

34.要进一步加大对跨国、跨境拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪的打击力度。加强双边或者多边“反拐”国际交流与合作，加强对被跨国、跨境拐卖的妇女、儿童的救助工作。依照我国缔结或者参加的国际条约的规定，积极行使所享有的权利，履行所承担的义务，及时请求或者提供各项司法协助，有效遏制跨国、跨境拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪。